Boundary Layer Flow Acceleration by Paraelectric and Peristaltic EHD Effects of Aerodynamic Plasma Actuators

Plasma actuators based on the OAUGDP TM (One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma) promise to be a convenient method to modify aerodynamic boundary layers. The development of the OAUGD Plasma has made it possible to locate enough plasma actuators on airfoils and the wings and fuselage of aircraft to have significant effects on flow control and re-attachment at relatively low power cost. In this study OAUGD Plasma actuators have been used to effect flow re-attachment and to manipulate aerodynamic flows, possibly leading to improved methods of flight control. The OAUGDPTM actuators have been tested in the 7 x 11 Inch Low Speed Wind Tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center during several experimental campaigns that began in the mid 1990’s. The 7 x 11 Inch Low Speed Wind Tunnel is instrumented to conduct drag measurements, smoke flow visualization tests, Pitot tube velocity profile measurements and airfoil flow re-attachment visualization studies. This thesis is concerned with two EHD (electrohydrodynamic) flow control methods that utilize only RF displacement currents to produce the body forces that accelerate the plasma; paraelectric and peristaltic (traveling wave) flow acceleration. Paraelectric flow acceleration is achieved when the applied electric field acts on the net charge density of the plasma, to provide a body force capable of accelerating the neutral gas to velocities as high as 10 m/sec. During the acceleration process, the plasma moves paraelectrically towards increasing electric field gradients, and drags the neutral gas along with it as the result of frequent ion-neutral Lorentzian collisions. Peristaltic flow acceleration results from a traveling electrostatic wave, analogous to the apparent motion of light in a phased array of bulbs on a theatre marquee. To produce a traveling electrostatic wave, adjacent plasma actuators are energized at progressively larger phase angles. The resulting horizontal electric field produces a body force that accelerates the plasma. A OAUGDPTM panel or a plasma actuator intended for aerodynamic flow acceleration consists of linear strip electrodes adhering to either side of a dielectric panel. The actuators are energized using RF power at voltages between 0 and 10 kV, and frequencies between 0.5 kHz and 8 kHz. A major contribution described in this thesis was the development of flexible and ceramic panels, the polyphase signal generator based on LabVIEW, and accessories for the polyphase power supply. During development of the plasma actuators, many electrode geometries were tested to achieve the best operating conditions i.e. highest flow velocity. This thesis presents experimental results from several plasma actuator configurations, and performance data from both paraelectric and peristaltic flow acceleration

ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING ANTIBIOTIC USE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the public knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic use in a general population visiting thetertiary care hospital.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey conducted for a period of 6-month December-2013 to May-2014. Knowledge scoring was given basedon the percentage of correct responses. Data were collected using a self-prepared questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Associationof respondent's knowledge score with sex, age group, educational level, and income was analyzed by Chi-square test.Results: The results of our study showed that the level of knowledge on antibiotics use was poor in 117 (65%) of the study population who had given<50% correct response. The current study showed that there was a significant difference in knowledge between education level groups (p≤0.0001).The other responses regarding knowledge are 27.2% accepted that antibiotics are indicated for relieving pain and inflammation, 45% of participantsthought that antibiotics are the drugs indicated to reduce fever. About 76.6% of respondents had administered antibiotics without a doctor'sprescription, 44% of respondents used antibiotics with their friends and family member's suggestions. 48% of respondents keep antibiotics stockat home for future use and 79.4% of respondents keep leftover antibiotics for personal future use, 31% share their antibiotics with family memberswhen they are sick and 34% of respondents use leftover antibiotics for a respiratory illness.Conclusion: Patients, as well as healthcare professionals, have a major role to play in attaining rational antibiotic use. Antibiotic awareness campaignsand patient counseling should promote specific messages to public members from the high risk†groups, to fill up the knowledge and attitude gaps.Keywords: Antibiotic use, Self-medication, Attitude, Miss-use, Awareness, Microbial resistance

Bolton’s Anterior and Overall Tooth Size Discrepancy among different malocclusion groups in Chennai Population: An Epidemiological study

An observational and cross sectional study was done to determine whether there is a difference in intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among the malocclusion groups and to determine the percentage of tooth size discrepancies outside 1 or 2 standard deviations from Bolton’s inter arch tooth size ratio. The study two hundred and thirty eight study models randomly selected from archives of the department of orthodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The samples were divided into three groups based on Angle’s classification of malocclusion – class I, class II Div I, and class III, coinciding with skeletal relationship, which was based on the steiner’s ANB angle: class I 05 and class III ANB <o. Each of these groups was again divided into two groups- males and females. The Bolton’s anterior and overall ratio was calculated for each group. The values were then compared for any possible gender difference and also among each group and with that of Bolton’s normal value. The study concludes that 1. There were no significant differences in the tooth size discrepancy between male and female. 2. The percentage of subjects with a deviation of more than 1 standard deviation for anterior and overall ratio was 68 and 57.1 respectively. 3. The percentage of subjects with a deviation of more than 2 standard deviation for anterior and overall ratio was 42.4 and 27.7 respectively. 4. Class III malocclusion group showed greater prevalence of tooth size discrepancies greater than 2 standard deviation compared to class II and class I. 5. There were no statistically significant differences in the Bolton anterior and overall ratios between the different malocclusion groups - class I, class II and class III. 6. The anterior ratio of class I and class III in the present study was significantly larger than the Bolton’s normal value for anterior ratio. Recent technological advances have allowed the introduction of digital callipers, which can be linked to computers for rapid calculation of the Bolton’s anterior and overall ratio and this computer program can virtually eliminate measurement transfer and calculation errors, compared with analysis that requires dividers, rulers and calculators. Few computerised methods like Quick Ceph, HATS, and OrthoCad needs special mention here

Microphone Array Speech Enhancement Via Beamforming Based Deep Learning Network

In general, in-car speech enhancement is an application of the microphone array speech enhancement in particular acoustic environments. Speech enhancement inside the moving cars is always an interesting topic and the researchers work to create some modules to increase the quality of speech and intelligibility of speech in cars. The passenger dialogue inside the car, the sound of other equipment, and a wide range of interference effects are major challenges in the task of speech separation in-car environment. To overcome this issue, a novel Beamforming based Deep learning Network (Bf-DLN) has been proposed for speech enhancement. Initially, the captured microphone array signals are pre-processed using an Adaptive beamforming technique named Least Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV). Consequently, the proposed method uses a time-frequency representation to transform the pre-processed data into an image. The smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) is used for converting time-domain speech inputs into images. Convolutional deep belief network (CDBN) is used to extract the most pertinent features from these transformed images. Enhanced Elephant Heard Algorithm (EEHA) is used for selecting the desired source by eliminating the interference source. The experimental result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in removing background noise from the original speech signal. The proposed strategy outperforms existing methods in terms of PESQ, STOI, SSNRI, and SNR. The PESQ of the proposed Bf-DLN has a maximum PESQ of 1.98, whereas existing models like Two-stage Bi-LSTM has 1.82, DNN-C has 1.75 and GCN has 1.68 respectively. The PESQ of the proposed method is 1.75%, 3.15%, and 4.22% better than the existing GCN, DNN-C, and Bi-LSTM techniques. The efficacy of the proposed method is then validated by experiments

Predicting and Recovering Link Failure Localization Using Competitive Swarm Optimization for DSR Protocol in MANET

Portable impromptu organization is a self-putting together, major construction-less, independent remote versatile hub that exists without even a trace of a determined base station or government association. MANET requires no extraordinary foundation as the organization is unique. Multicasting is an urgent issue in correspondence organizations. Multicast is one of the effective methods in MANET. In multicasting, information parcels from one hub are communicated to a bunch of recipient hubs all at once, at a similar time. In this research work, Failure Node Detection and Efficient Node Localization in a MANET situation are proposed. Localization in MANET is a main area that attracts significant research interest. Localization is a method to determine the nodes’ location in the communication network. A novel routing algorithm, which is used for Predicting and Recovering Link Failure Localization using a Genetic Algorithm with Competitive Swarm Optimization (PRLFL-GACSO) Algorithm is proposed in this study to calculate and recover link failure in MANET. The process of link failure detection is accomplished using mathematical modelling of the genetic algorithm and the routing is attained using the Competitive Swarm optimization technique. The result proposed MANET method makes use of the CSO algorithm, which facilitates a well-organized packet transfer from the source node to the destination node and enhances DSR routing performance. Based on node movement, link value, and endwise delay, the optimal route is found. The main benefit of the PRLFL-GACSO Algorithm is it achieves multiple optimal solutions over global information. Further, premature convergence is avoided using Competitive Swarm Optimization (CSO). The suggested work is measured based on the Ns simulator. The presentation metrix are PDR, endwise delay, power consumption, hit ratio, etc. The presentation of the proposed method is almost 4% and 5% greater than the present TEA-MDRP, RSTA-AOMDV, and RMQS-ua methods. After, the suggested method attains greater performance for detecting and recovering link failure. In future work, the hybrid multiway routing protocols are presented to provide link failure and route breakages and liability tolerance at the time of node failure, and it also increases the worth of service aspects, respectively

EVALUATION FOR NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ALLIUM CEPA LINN. IN GENTAMICIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

ABSTRACTObjective: Kidney diseases are a major problem of worldwide proportions, and renal damage is very common since kidney has the capacity to excretetoxic substances. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Allium cepa Linn. (EEAC) plant leaves against gentamicininducednephrotoxicity in rats.Methods: Nephroprotective activity was estimated by inducing gentamicin (100 mg/kg) to all the groups of animals; acute kidney dysfunction is anevidenced by significant elevation of serum creatinine, total protein and decreased body weight with multiple histological damages.Results: Treatment with the A. cepa Linn. has shown significant (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.001) dose-dependent improvement in the body weight at the doseof 200 and 400 mg/kg and also shown significant improvement by protecting the kidney from the oxidative stress. It is also identified that treatmentwith A. cepa significantly lowered the level of serum creatinine, total protein when compared with the toxic group.Conclusion: Nephroprotective activity of EEAC treatment was found compared with the standard group (Vitamin E – 250 mg/kg) and control groupagainst the toxic control group animals in parameters including serum creatinine, total protein, kidney weights, and body weights. The histopathologicalstudies were also evinced the protective effect of EEAC.Keywords: Nephroprotective activity, Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicity, Allium cepa Linn

The salivary biomarkers: future clinical investigation technique

Human saliva is a clear, slightly acidic biological fluid containing a mixture of secretions from multiple salivary glands, including the parotid, sublingual gland other minor glands beneath the oral mucosa as well as gingival crevice fluid.&nbsp; Salivary diagnostics has evolved into a sophisticated science and serves as a subset of the larger field of molecular diagnostics, now recognized as a central player in a wide variety of biomedical basic and clinical areas. &nbsp;Saliva biomarkers are source of indicators for local, systemic, and infectious disorders. The saliva based microbial, immunologic, and molecular biomarkers offers unique opportunities to bypass the painful invasive procedures such as biopsies and repeated blood draws by utilizing oral fluids to evaluate the condition of diseased individuals.&nbsp;Accurate and reliable early stage disease detection is the benefit of salivary biomarkers. Salivary biomarkers represent a promising non-invasive approach for oral cancer detection also. This review explains about the salivary biomarkers and their diagnostic approache

GSU Event Portal

The GSU EVENT PORTAL is website where you can advertise, view and make a booking for event by anywhere. You can do your necessary work related to events by this website just within few minutes. This application is trying to very easy for user to find venue by Google Map. GSU Event Portal System is an online event management system that serves the functionality of an event manager. The system allows only registered users to login and new users are allowed to resister on the application. The project provides most of the basic functionality required for an event. It allows the user to select from a list of event types. Once the user logged in and selects the event type. Then system then allows the user to select the date and time of event and as well place of the event. All this data is stored in the database and the user is given a receipt for his booking. This data is then sent to the administrator (website owner) and they may interact with the client as per his requirements and his contact data stored in the database. There are different modules in the project; main modules are administrator and user. In administrator module there will be some sub modules like administrator can login and if he/she wants to view the updates then they can. And they can manage events and as well manage the place of an event and also he can give conformation mail to the user who is registered for any event from the website. In any case user forgot his password then administrator will provide new password to the user. So in the user module if user wants to login then he can and the extra feature about this module is if user wants to create a new event then he can by his own. So all other users can register for the event provided by other user

SCREENING OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS IN HIV PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPY

Aim: The main aim of the study is prospective screening of drug related problems in ART receiving patients at RIMS Kadapa. Objectives: The key objectives of the study include To identify various drug related problems using various domains as per PCNE (Pharmaceutical care network Europe). To identify the most common ART regimen causing DRP. Methodology: A prospective observational study conducted for a period of six months november2015-april 2016. The data was collected by using Patient Data Collection Form, PCNE classification V5.01, Drug interaction form, ADR form. The collected data was analysed for age and gender distribution, distribution of patients based on co morbidities, patients with and without DRPs based on type of ART regimen used, distribution of problems, causes for different problems, interventions suggested for different problems then outcome of interventions were calculated. Results: A total of 125 patients 104 members experienced DRPs with ART regimens, which accounts 63(60.57%) males and 41(39.42%) females. Out of 104 patients 59 members experienced DRPs with ZLN regimen. In those patients the main DRPs were adverse drug reactions, drug use problems and drug interactions. The main causes for those problems were Pharmacokinetic problems incl. Ageing/ deterioration in organ function and interactions (C1.4), manifest side effect no other cause (C1.8) as per PCNE scheme V5.01. The various interventions suggested for those problems were Patient (medication) counselling (I2.1), Instructions for use changed to......(I3.4), new drug started(I3.6). the outcomes for suggested interventions were problems( Rashes, muscle pain, vomiting, nausea, headache, cough, abdominal pain.....etc.) totally solved(O1.0) and problems (Neutropenia, anaemia, hyper pigmentation of skin &amp; nails, ear impairment, severe anaemia, finger paralysis, blurred vision.....etc.) were partially solved(O2.0). Conclusion: Our study concludes adverse drug reactions with ART are high in problems domain as per PCNE, which can be decreased by identifying DRPs in early stages of drug therapy, prescribing other drugs cautiously in HIV patients. Majority of DRPs can be decreased by improving patient-physician relationships and patient-pharmacist relationships. For better outcomes patient counselling can be considered as a better interventional tool which will improve adherence and decrease DRPs in HIV patients. Keywords: Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe, Drug related problems, Anti retro viral therapyÂ